The properties and functions of feedback in learning

Feedback has considerable importance in learning. However, this notion is often implicit or misunderstood. This review aims to explain this notion: 1. by describing different types of information provided by feedback and its descriptive characteristics such as the source, positive or negative connotation, focusing levels, the amount and consistency of inter-feedback, the timing and how this feedback is determined, and which variables should be taken into account where the feedback has been shown to have an impact on their effectiveness in learning; 2. by identifying the feedback functions: an emotional function related to the motivation to perform a task, and cognitive functions such as assessing the current state, assessing the gap to the goal, and giving information to complete a task and contribute to the development of knowledge. These cognitive functions are not necessarily adequately interpreted by the learner who receives feedback.